Hadrosaur papers #4: More Weishampel

Weishampel, D. B. (1997). Dinosaurian cacophony. Bioscience, 47(3), 150-159.

Notes and terms: 

extant phylogenetic bracketing - first introduced by Witmer in 1995, comparing extinct taxon to nearest living relatives

levels of interference - confidence levels 

pleurokinesis - the hadrosaurid way of chewing

foramen - an opening in a bone for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and similar entities (from Wikipedia, in fact)

This paper says that ostriches, emus, and rheas appear to lack syringes, but a quick google search suggests that they do. Perhaps they are different from other birds and thus, weren't recognized. I should do further research.

Because both birds (where it does not serve a vocal function) and crocodiles have larynges, by extant phylogenetic bracketing, we can assume that hadrosaurids also had one. Additionally, the primitive condition for the archosauria is that the larynx is not vocalizing -- because all relatives who split off earlier (out-group comparison) have non-vocalizing larynges. (Note: this is a similar path of logic to the Senter (2008) paper)

ahistorical functional morphology - based on models used to simulate extinct organ function -- from engineering, biology, other relevant fields

new equation for the lateral diverticula (closed at their ends) - 

f = (2n-1)(v/4L)

n - harmonic #
L - tube length

The small diameter of the tube of the parasaurolophus would lend itself to lower frequency resonances. The long length the passageway also favors lower pitches.

lagena - archosaur analogue to cochlea in mammals

hadrosaurid hearing apparatus is consistent with both birds and reptiles

This paper was also interesting in how it approaches the making of inferences and hypothesis and how to consider different kinds of evidence for and against a conjecture about an extinct organism in a more objective way -- that is, when phylogenetic evidence is contra to the functional morphological evidence as in the case with hadrosaurid vocalization. 

A primate excursion - wandering - of research from looking at citations from the last Weishampel paper:

Koda, H., Nishimura, T., Tokuda, I. T., Oyakawa, C., Nihonmatsu, T., & Masataka, N. (2012). Soprano singing in gibbons. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 149(3), 347-355.

and the youtube video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qm0p2ZoABfo

(Weishampel paper does not mention gibbons, but howler monkeys, but somehow I ran into gibbon calls, which are truly awesome and I love them)

Ahem, back to more related research, via earlier Weishampel paper of the last post, the resonating structure of the howler monkeys is hypothesized to be their hyoid bone, which, to be fair, is crazy:

Image from: https://evolutionliteracy.com/2015/10/23/evoliteracy-news-10-23-2015/

For comparison: 

The hyoid bones of other primates. Image from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Different-hyoid-bone-models-from-different-primates-C-Bone-Clones-wwwboneclonescom_fig10_236608209

Fitzpatrick, J. L., & Lüpold, S. (2015). Evolution: big bawls, small balls. Current Biology, 25(22), R1084-R1086.

Apparently, the size of hyoid tends to be inverse to the size of the ball sac. Um, okay!

And...the listen to the monkey:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYar0dkZ6v8